Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
A summary of the carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each segment as well as the changes in such amounts are as follows:
SGK Brand
Solutions		 Memorialization Industrial Technologies Consolidated
Net goodwill at September 30, 2020 $ 311,737  $ 361,682  $ 91,969  $ 765,388 
Additions during period —  4,796  —  4,796 
Translation and other adjustments 6,526  372  741  7,639 
Net goodwill at March 31, 2021 $ 318,263  $ 366,850  $ 92,710  $ 777,823 
The net goodwill balances at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 included $178,732 of accumulated impairment losses. Accumulated impairment losses at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 were $173,732 and $5,000 for the SGK Brand Solutions and Memorialization segments, respectively.
Note 15.   Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (continued)
The Company performed its annual impairment review of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 (January 1, 2021) and determined that the estimated fair values for all goodwill reporting units exceeded their carrying values, therefore no impairment charges were necessary. The estimated fair value of the Company's Graphics Imaging reporting unit, within the SGK Brand Solutions segment, exceeded the carrying value (expressed as a percentage of carrying value) by approximately 5%. If current projections are not achieved or specific valuation factors outside the Company’s control (such as discount rates and continued economic and industry impacts of COVID-19) significantly change, goodwill write-downs may be necessary in future periods.
The following tables summarize the carrying amounts and related accumulated amortization for intangible assets as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively.
Carrying
Amount		 Accumulated
Amortization		 Net
March 31, 2021:        
Indefinite-lived trade names $ 30,540  $ —  $ 30,540 
Definite-lived trade names 148,934  (83,129) 65,805 
Customer relationships 389,565  (186,391) 203,174 
Copyrights/patents/other 20,831  (15,055) 5,776 
  $ 589,870  $ (284,575) $ 305,295 
September 30, 2020:
     
Indefinite-lived trade names $ 30,540  $ —  $ 30,540 
Definite-lived trade names 148,867  (64,462) 84,405 
Customer relationships 379,246  (166,892) 212,354 
Copyrights/patents/other 20,704  (14,505) 6,199 
$ 579,357  $ (245,859) $ 333,498 
The net change in intangible assets during the six months ended March 31, 2021 included the impact of foreign currency fluctuations during the period, additional amortization and additions related to a memorialization acquisition. During the second quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company reassessed the useful lives for certain of its customer relationships. As a result of this reassessment, the Company reduced the remaining useful lives for these customer relationships to reflect their estimated remaining duration, utilizing actual historical customer attrition rates.

Amortization expense on intangible assets was $22,930 and $17,872 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For the six month period ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, amortization expense was $38,151 and $35,814, respectively. Amortization expense is estimated to be $45,840 for the remainder of fiscal 2021, $56,923 in 2022, $40,484 in 2023, $35,062 in 2024 and $19,737 in 2025. The accelerated amortization related to the fiscal 2019 reduction in useful lives for certain discontinued trade names is scheduled to continue through the first quarter of fiscal 2022.